Quick answerEtching is acid chemically dulling the polished surface, so it is damage, not a stain you can wipe away. Light etching can sometimes be buffed out by hand with a marble polishing powder; widespread or deep etching needs a professional stone restorer to hone and re-polish. To stop it returning, a sealer is not enough: only a physical protection film like DURAFLEX, applied over the sealed stone, blocks the acid from ever touching the marble.
If your polished marble has dull, cloudy patches where a glass of wine, a slice of lemon or a splash of vinegar once sat, you are looking at an etch mark. The first thing to understand is what it actually is, because it changes everything about how you fix it.
Etching is not a stain sitting on top of the stone. It is acid chemically reacting with the calcium carbonate in the marble and eating into the polished layer. The surface is physically duller in that spot. That is why no amount of cleaning, scrubbing or wiping will lift it: there is nothing on top to remove. You are dealing with surface damage, not dirt.